What is Estimation and Types?

by admin · October 5, 2021

Introduction

Estimating or estimating is the process of calculating the quantities of various items of works involved in the project.
Estimation is the technique of calculating or computing the various quantities and the expected expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.
Estimate is a document which furnishes the quantities of different works involved, their rates and the expenditure anticipate in a project.

Necessity of Estimation

Estimates give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can be determined i.e., whether the project could be taken up with in the funds available or not.
Estimate is required to invite the tenders and quotations and to arrange contract.
To know about the approximate cost of the building construction.
To calculate the tax of the building.
To arrange the labors of the construction works.
Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of work.
Take the approval for the government projects.
To having the loan from the bank.

Types of Estimate

Preliminary or Approximate Estimate

This estimate is prepared to decide financial aspect, policy and to give idea of the cost of the proposal to the component sanctioning authority.
It should clearly show the necessity of the proposal and how the cost has been arrived at.
The estimate which is prepared using any rough method to get approximate cost of the construction anticipate in a project is called approximate estimate.

Detailed Estimate

After getting administrative approval on rough cost estimate, detailed estimates are prepared.
In this, the estimate is divided in to sub-heads and quantities of various items are calculated individually.
The detailed estimate shall also provide for the cost of approach road, water supply, electric installation and acquisition of land etc., so as to call it a comprehensive estimate.

Supplementary Estimate

This is fresh detailed estimate in addition to the original sanctioned estimate prepared when additional works are deemed necessary during the progress of a work to supplement the original works.
The abstract of cost should show the amount of the original sanctioned estimate as well as the supplementary amount of the original sanctioned estimate as well as the supplementary amount for which sanctioned is required.

Rough cost estimate based on cubic contents

The cubic contents of a building means plinth area x height of the building. The height is taken from top of floor level to top of roof.
The cubic contents of the proposed building are multiplied with cubic rates arrived at for the similar construction i.e. total cost of construction divided by cubic contents=cost per cubic meter.

Complete Estimate

The estimate which includes, in addition to the cost of construction, the cost of land, the expenses towards surveying, preparation of plans and estimates, legal assistance, registration of documents, payment of taxes and service charges, etc. is called complete estimate.

Rough cost estimate based on plinth area

Plinth area of a building means Length x breadth excluding plinth offsets. The estimates are prepared on the basis of plinth areas of the various buildings proposed to be constructed.
The rates are being arrived at the dividing the total cost of construction with its plinth area.

Annual maintenance estimate

Annual maintenance estimates are being prepared by the concerned department for getting allocation of funds made in the annual budgets.
In order to keep building and roads in perfect condition, annual repairs should be carried in case of a building as well as a road.

Special repair estimate

If the work cannot be carried out of the annual repair funds due to certain reasons resulting in the genuine increase in cost, then special repairs estimate is to be prepared.
The reason of increase may be case of building as well as roads.

Revised estimate

When the sanctioned estimate exceeds by 5% either due to the rate being found insufficient or due to some other reasons, a fresh estimate is prepared which is called a revised estimate.
A comparative statement on the last page of the estimate is attached giving there in the reasons of the increase of cost in case of each item.